University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre | 18 August 2021 | New blood test could help doctors identify viral infections more easily
Researchers at Imperial College and University College London Hospitals have developed an innovative test which could help doctors identify more rapidly the type of infection that a patient presents with in A&E. The experts have identified three specific genes which signal the presence of a virus because they are triggered when a virus infects the body. This will enable physicians to personalise the patient’s treatment more effectively, administer specific tests to identify the type of virus, and avoid prescribing antibiotics for patients who will not benefit from them.
The new test uses a blood sample to measure levels of the three genes and the pattern tells doctors if the patient has a viral infection. This development also has implications for pandemics as the the authors underline that their study provides a unique snapshot of gene expression in a large cohort of well phenotyped adults at the point of admission to an emergency department with suspected sepsis. A simple three-gene PCR signature was derived, which has superior ability to differentiate viral from other infection presentations compared with existing biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and leukocyte count. The signature was validated on a prospective cohort of real-world emergency infectious disease admissions. The signature was further validated on PCR-positive COVID-19 admissions to the emergency department, a group where RT-qPCR testing via nasopharyngeal sampling alone can be inaccurate. To the authors’ knowledge, this analysis represents the first host gene signature to be validated for COVID-19, providing proof of principle that point-of-care gene expression-based diagnostics can support decision making in acute and ambulatory emergency settings.
The new test uses a blood sample to measure levels of the three genes and the pattern tells doctors if the patient has a viral infection. This will allow them to tailor the patient’s treatment more effectively, administer specific tests to identify the type of virus, and avoid prescribing antibiotics for patients who will not benefit from them.
In a pandemic situation, it would also allow doctors to decide earlier which patients to isolate in side rooms and provide an early indication of how many patients might be infected, well before any specific test for a new virus is available (Source: University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre & Kwong Li et al, 2021).
Adapted from this press release New blood test could help doctors identify viral infections more easily
The primary paper has now been published inThe Lancet Microbe